Medieval Architecture

High Masonry (Free Mason Guild established)

heavily influenced by church

 

Ecclesiastical

churches massive

- cruciform (shape of a cross)

- faced east toward Jerusalem

-Stained glass

     -rose window

- exterior stone

- interior wood and sometimes metal

Notre Dame

-considered after Gothic Renaissance

- clover leaf column (looks like 4 columns put together)

- painted and lots of gold 

 

Castles

placed along water, or divert water for added protection

villages were based around openings of the castle walls

     - offered nearby protection 

normally had two major defensive walls

arrow slits - 6”-1’ slits for 

Crenelation - battlement, top of the walls

     - embrasure - gaps

     - merlon - raised parts

drawbridge

interiors

     - vaulted ceilings

     - decorative beams

     - great hall - public meetings and judgement hall

kitchen/bakehouse at back of the castle to protect from fire

private court - used for important business or political meetings

 

Homes

     - unhewn wood and stones held together with mortar on outside, plaster on interior

     - most roofs thatched

     - floor covered with thresh (grass) creation of threshold

     - hoist crane 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gothic

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chartes Cathedral

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Basilica of St. Dames

Westminster Abbey

Reims Cathedral

 

Romanesque

Roman inspired but using gothic/ medieval techniques

Duomo di Firenze

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Byzantine

heavily influenced by the roman style of architecture but with Arabesque twist

epitome of Byzantine architecture located in Constantinople, the capital of Byzantia

     - Hagia Sophia

     - takes a lot of from nature and scroll work

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Russian Medieval

- featuring cupola (onion dome)

     - dome continues past support

- a lot with brick, timber, mortar

     - colors painted and laquered on top

- interiors

     - churches heavily decorated and adorned with Russian Orthodox iconography

     - homes much simpler, featuring indigenous wood

 

Furniture

- heavily carved and decorative wood

- ornate for church and the rich

- oriole interlocking themes

- leg tax- amount of legs on floor = more money