Realism Architecture

 

Arts and Crafts Movement 

- hand made aesthetic of gothic movement

- eccentric roof styles on one structure

- large glass windows often strung together

- exploring the superfluous of wood

- use of asymmetrical symmetry to accentuate the structure

- Influenced by Gothic and Tudor Revival

- the use of shingles or clapboards (vertical siding) on walls as well as a stone

- the structure is dictated by the interior necessity

- Unlike gothic and tudor, emphasis on decor for sake of decor

- celebration of craftsmanship

- contrasting stone or alternative materials

- Jam tart window - resembling a lattice work of a pie top

- variety of windows

- playing with amount of eves to control passive solar heating 

 

American Gothic

- concrete become more structural and decorative

- first wholey American movement

 

Notable buildings

     - Kempley Church, England

          Jam tart window - resembling a lattice work of a pie top

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     - Rivercourt Cottage, UK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     - Aintree House, UK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     - Coleton Fishacre, UK

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

  

 

Architects

     - architects grew in popularity and notoriety 

     - William Morris (UK) 

               - father of Arts and Crafts architecture and design

               - believed that there was a red to return to the hand done

               - bit of a control freak, very meticulous 

               - The Red House 

                         - considered the epitome of Arts and Crafts

                         - William Morris’ home

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               - all wallpaper was either hand painted or hand printed

               - use of line very important furniture 

                         - everything handmade

                         - blend of modern shapes with gothic stylings

                         - possibly the first reclining chair

               - partnered with Philip Webb for a time

 

     - Philip Webb (UK)

               - highly decorative hand carving and tile work

               - Stained Glass

                         - created a resurgence of modern stained glass

                         - V&A Cafe Window

                         - Broadside Parish Windows

              - Standen House

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

              - Kelmscott House

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     - Charles Annesley Voysey (UK)

               - furniture precursor to Art Nouveau with the use of round shape as well as sweeping 

                    curves

               - Broad Leys, Windermere Motor Boat Racing Club

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               - Swan Chair

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               - Heart Chair

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     - Henry Hobson Richardson (aka HHR) (U.S.)

               - first notable American architecture 

               - beginning of American Gothic

               - Mainly New England/North Eastern

               - founder of the “American Castle”

               - more of a focus on design of public buildings as opposed to houses

               - Alleghany Court House, Pittsburgh (HHR)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               - Trinity Church, Boston 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               - Thomas Crane Public Library, Quincy, MA 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               - Watts Sherman House, Newport, RI 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     - Louis Sullivan (U.S.)

               - moved away from Gothic Revival

               - rose to prominence b/c of Great Chicago Fire

               - founded the revival of Chicago with his institution of “the skyscraper”

               - founded the phrase “Form Follows Function”

                    - assignment and coding of levels

                    - public, private, mechanical

                    - exterior decor dictates the function of the building

               - known for public buildings - not residential

               - known for motifs 

               - created a very American aesthetic 

               - Wainright Building, Chicago (Louis Sullivan)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

               - Auditorium Hotel, Chicago (Louis Sullivan)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

     - Gustav Stickley

               - furniture maker